Texas Nonconsensual Intimate Deepfakes (SB 441)
In effect since
Overview
Criminalizes creating and distributing nonconsensual intimate deepfakes. Creates civil liability for victims. Platforms must take down reported content within 72 hours. Consent to create an image does not constitute consent to share it.
This is an AI-specific state law.
Texas AI regulation guide lists every tracked rule for this jurisdiction with timelines and obligation tallies.
Who this applies to
This regulation applies to both companies that build AI products and companies that use AI tools from other vendors.
AI categories covered
- Consumer-facing AI
Specific AI use cases:
- Content generation
What this requires you to do
Prohibited practices
Prohibited practices. Review this obligation in the source text.
Consumer notification required
Notify consumers. Inform consumers about how AI affects decisions that impact them.
Record-keeping required
Maintain records. Keep documentation of your AI systems, decisions made, and compliance activities.
Enforcement and penalties
Criminal: Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year jail, $4,000 fine) for creation or distribution. Class B misdemeanor for threats. Elevated to felony if a minor is involved. Civil damages via private right of action.
Legislative history
How this law got here
Latest
effectiveTakes effect
- signed
HB 449 (companion bill) vetoed at author request since SB 441 is more comprehensive
- signed
Signed by Governor Abbott
Earliest
Source
Read the full text
https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/analysis/html/SB00441I.htm
Last verified: April 9, 2026
Always verify current language and amendments at the official source.
Other Texas regulations
Explore more rules in the same jurisdiction that may apply to your AI systems.
Want to know what else applies to your company?
Run a free XIRA scan to see all regulations that match your states and AI tools.