XIRA

Minnesota Election and NCII Deepfake Law (HF 1370)

MNFor all AI companiesLowseverityIn effect

In effect since

Overview

Criminalizes election deepfakes within 90 days before elections (no disclosure exception, one of the strictest in the country) and nonconsensual deepfake intimate imagery with escalating felony penalties. Facing First Amendment legal challenge from X (formerly Twitter); early rulings suggest courts are skeptical. Separate from the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (MCDPA). No disclosure exception for election deepfakes, unlike most states. Pending legal challenge may render election provisions unenforceable. Effective date shown as January 1, 2023 as a placeholder; exact effective date should be verified against Session Law Chapter 58 (2023).

This is an AI-specific state law.

Minnesota AI regulation guide lists every tracked rule for this jurisdiction with timelines and obligation tallies.

Who this applies to

This regulation applies to both companies that build AI products and companies that use AI tools from other vendors.

AI categories covered

  • Consumer-facing AI
  • Government AI use

Specific AI use cases:

  • Content generation

What this requires you to do

  • Prohibited practices

    Prohibited practices. Review this obligation in the source text.

  • Disclosure to users required

    Disclose AI use. Make it clear to users when they are interacting with AI-generated content or AI-driven systems.

    Obligation explainer: Disclosure to users

Enforcement and penalties

Election deepfakes: criminal penalties escalating to felony (up to 5 years). NCII deepfakes: criminal penalties plus civil cause of action.

This regulation includes a private right of action, which means individuals can file lawsuits directly. This significantly increases litigation risk.

Legislative history

How this law got here

  1. Latest

    challenge filed

    X (formerly Twitter) sues to challenge election deepfake provisions on First Amendment grounds. Early rulings suggest courts skeptical.

  2. signed

    Enacted as part of omnibus public safety bill

    Earliest

Source

Read the full text

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=house&f=hf1370&ssn=0&y=2023

Last verified: April 9, 2026

Always verify current language and amendments at the official source.

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